Uniforme (Vergara blue)

The demand for uniforms increased with the growth of local industries and the armed forces. “Bergara blue” – which has been used in the design of this exhibition – became the standard color for work overalls in the region. This color originated in the textile factories of Bergara, which are known for their production of blue-dyed cotton fabrics. The specific shade of blue became famous for its durability and resistance to fading. During the first half of the 20th century, the production of uniforms and work clothes expanded significantly. Factories in Bergara, Tolosa, and other towns specialize in the production of work overalls and industrial uniforms. The manufacture of uniforms, including the iconic work overalls in “Bergara blue,” left a significant mark on the industrial and social history of Gipuzkoa.

The role of women in this industry was fundamental, contributing not only to the local economy but also to the cultural identity of the region. The change in gender uniforms in the workplace is a complex issue that reflects the evolution of gender roles in society and the workplace. In the context of factories, the use of uniforms designed primarily for men represented a significant disadvantage for women workers. In the early days of industrialization (19th - early 20th centuries), factory uniforms were designed for men, and women often had to adapt these uniforms or wear their clothes. In the mid-20th century, some women-specific uniforms began to be introduced in specific sectors, such as nursing or secretarial work. In factories, however, uniforms were still predominantly male. Only in the late 20th and early 21st centuries did awareness of the need for uniforms adapted to different bodies increase, and uniforms explicitly designed for women were gradually introduced into more sectors.

Wearing male uniforms had disadvantages for women. Ill-fitting uniforms could get caught in machinery, increasing the risk of accidents, and the wrong size could hamper movement, compromising safety. Uniforms designed for male bodies did not fit female shapes well, which could cause discomfort and hamper job performance. Inadequate uniforms could also cause long-term health problems, such as back pain or postural issues. Pockets and other functional elements were often poorly positioned for the female body. Finally, the use of male uniforms reinforced the idea that specific jobs were “for men.” It could negatively affect the perception of women’s capabilities in the work environment, and it can make it more difficult for women to feel fully integrated into their professional roles. In some cases, uniforms did not consider specific feminine hygiene needs. The shift toward more inclusive uniforms designed with the needs of both sexes in mind has been gradual and is still in progress in many sectors. This change not only improves women’s working conditions but also reflects a broader recognition of diversity in the workplace.