Factory

In 1870, Germany-born Benito Kutz established the Strassburgo brewery in the Ategorrieta neighborhood of San Sebastián, where he made beer and ice. After his death, his widow Francisca – whose history books have mostly forgotten– ran the company until 1913, when her sons Juan and Teodoro took over. In 1965, the Kutz brothers formalized the company as a public limited company and moved the factory to anotehr district. The most famous beer they made was the German-style, bottom-fermented Keler 18. The company decided to expand its operations and moved to Arano (Navarra) in 1982, where they built a large factory with modern machinery and access to spring water. In 1986, the Cruzcampo group took over the brand, ceasing production in Arano, and later, Heineken Spain acquired Cruzcampo and, consequently, Keler. Finally, the Keler brand was sold to the Catalan group Damm, which currently produces it in its plants in Prat de Llobregat (Barcelona). The history of the El León Factory reflects the evolution of the brewing industry in Gipuzkoa, from its family origins to its integration into large business groups. Although there is no detailed information on the specific role of women in this factory, their contribution to the industrial development of the region was undoubtedly significant.

The history of the gunsmithing industry in Eibar is a crucial chapter in the industrial development of Gipuzkoa, and women played a significant role in this industry. The gunsmithing tradition in the town of Eibar dates to the 14th century, but it was industrialized in the 19th century. In 1908, the Eibar Gunsmithing School was founded, which was important for the training of specialized workers. At the beginning of the 20th century, Eibar became a major center for arms production. World War I boosted demand, leading to significant growth in industry. Initially, women worked in finishing and assembly tasks, but over time, they were incorporated into more areas of production—many women specialized in polishing and engraving weapons, as well as quality inspection and packaging. However, women were often paid less than men and faced challenges in reconciling work with family responsibilities. Although initially excluded, over time, some women gained access to technical training. During the Spanish Civil War and World War II, female participation increased due to the shortage of male labor. However, after the Civil War, many arms factories were converted to produce sewing machines and bicycles. This transition affected women’s work roles, which adapted to the new production lines. In the second half of the 20th century, Eibar’s arms industry experienced a decline. However, the legacy of women workers in this industry has left a significant mark on the social and economic history of the region.